The starter battery belongs to the group of electric, lead-acid batteries. Its construction is based on galvanic cells. The galvanic cells are formed by lead electrodes and lead dioxide electrodes. The interior of the battery is filled with an approximate 37% solution of aqueous sulfuric acid, the electrolyte. What is their principle of operation? To answer this question, let’s take a closer look at their construction and operation cycles.

Starting batteries allow high currents to flow

Starting batteries can be of different construction. Feature different technical parameters. Currently, the standard is a battery of batteries with a nominal voltage of 12.6 V. It is formed by 6 cells connected in series. Each cell produces a nominal voltage of 2.1 V. In the case of trucks, the nominal voltage reaches 24 V.

The efficiency of a battery depends on its trouble-free operation in all weather conditions, especially in winter. Before we suspect that our battery is underperforming, let’s take a peek outside the window. In the ground, batteries naturally function more slowly in severe cold. If the battery is discharged or has little electrolyte, frost can damage it.

Battery duty cycles

The batteries operate in two cycles:

  • loading,
  • work.

Charging a lead-acid battery involves converting electrical energy into chemical energy. When consuming electricity (working), the battery is no longer a consumer of electricity. It becomes a source of current generated by the conversion of chemical energy. During operation, the battery is slowly discharged. It is therefore important that both cycles function properly. Failure to charge can end up discharging the battery. A starter battery of typical capacity, or roughly 50 Ah, can deliver 1A current for 50 hours.

Why does the battery get discharged?

Battery operation begins when the circuit between the clamps closes. Current begins to flow, for example, if you turn on the radio in the car, turn the key in the ignition. The fact that the battery gives current, of course, means that it begins to discharge. Charging takes place thanks to the alternator, which returns the current and there is a difference in electro-negativity between the electrodes.

The battery discharges as a result of the electrodes immersed in the electrolyte becoming more similar to each other. The difference in electro-negativity between the electrodes decreases and thus the battery can no longer generate current. In order for the battery to work again, it must be supplied with current.

When charging the battery, we must take special care. Protect your eyes, face, hands, and use protective clothing. You can not charge batteries that are damaged. Therefore, if we suspect a defect in our battery, it is better to return it to a service company. Specialists will assess the actual condition of the battery without risk of injury, loss of life.